Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a technology that encrypts internet traffic and routes it through remote servers, hiding the user's real IP address and geographic location from network surveillance. VPNs create an encrypted tunnel between the user's device and the VPN server, preventing internet service providers, network operators, and other intermediaries from monitoring or interfering with the user's online activities.

VPNs serve as a basic tool in the privacy toolset, enabling users to bypass network censorship, avoid geographic restrictions, and maintain a degree of anonymity online. When combined with other privacy technologies like Tor, encryption, and cryptocurrency payments, VPNs contribute to creating parallel communication infrastructures that resist surveillance and control.

In the context of parallel structures, self-hosted VPNs and decentralized VPN networks provide alternatives to traditional centralized services. These solutions enable communities to build their own privacy-preserving communication channels, create mesh networks, and maintain connectivity even when facing network restrictions or monitoring.